Submersible fecal pump for cesspool - device, purpose, varieties, selection rules, review of manufacturers

The sewer system in any house or apartment is one of the important communications for a comfortable life. Since the benefits of civilization are, first of all, the use of water and its subsequent disposal. Moreover, it is important in this case not only to drain gray water from the sink, bathtub or household appliances, but also to have a fecal drainage system connecting the toilet to the central riser.

It is worth knowing that it is fecal waste that poses a unique threat to the sewer. The more complex the configuration of the sewer pipe, the higher the risk of blockages in the pipeline. Therefore, to solve the problematic pipeline and move fecal waste along it, pumping equipment is used today. Installing a fecal pump is relevant in the following cases:

• Placement of plumbing fixtures in the house according to the intended interior design;
• Transportation of wastewater coming from devices located below the level of the sewer riser;
• A pump is also needed to increase the pressure of wastewater in an overly long collector from the outlet pipe to the septic tank.
• If it is not possible to maintain the slope of the pipe towards the central riser.

Important: in order to correctly install and subsequently operate the pump, you need to understand which unit is needed in each specific case.

Fecal pump - what is it, purpose, device

A fecal pump or also a mud pump is intended for pumping out viscous heavy fibrous masses, including those with insoluble inclusions up to 50 mm in diameter. Installations of this type are widely used in everyday life. They can be used not only for forced cleaning of cesspools, but also in a number of situations with similar tasks:

1. Pumping groundwater from structures located below ground level - basements, ground floors.
2. Elimination of the consequences of natural disasters - floods, floods, rainstorms.
3. Cyclic pumping of underground storage tanks - drainage, stormwater systems, as well as the last chambers of the septic tank.
4. Replacement of water in artificial reservoirs on the site - pools, ponds, periodically filled low landforms.
5. Filling containers from the nearest natural reservoir for irrigating beds, fields, gardens, plantations.

The design of a fecal pump for pumping out a cesspool includes the following main elements:

• Electric drive.
• A pump is a mechanism driven by an engine and directly performing the pumping procedure.

Diagram of a submersible fecal pump Source strojdvor.ru

• An intake hole for the passage of liquid into the pump.
• Outlet valve – ensures the drainage of wastewater into the container.
• Mechanical crusher of large particles.

Unlike drainage analogues, which can only pump out contaminated water, pumps of this type are capable of pumping thicker sludge containing solid particles. However, to prevent mechanical inclusions from clogging the system, the installation is equipped with a special grinder in the form of rotating sharp knives.

On a note! Due to the increased impact of destructive factors, the pump housing must have high mechanical and chemical resistance. Therefore, most often it is made of stainless steel, cast iron or steel with a protective coating. Inexpensive models are made of plastic and do not last long with intensive use.

How to choose

Before choosing an electric pump for a well on your site, you need to learn about the criteria on the basis of which it is worth purchasing such products. First of all, you need to know how much water will be pumped daily. To supply water to a country house, you will need a more powerful pump than a design for water supply to a greenhouse.

When choosing, the following data must be taken into account:

1. If 4 people live in the house for which the mechanism is purchased, you should choose a device that pumps 3 cubic meters of water per hour. This volume is enough for the whole family. If it is necessary to pump water also to supply water to the greenhouse and vegetable garden, the consumption doubles.
2. When installing a surface mechanism to provide water to a townhouse, you need to purchase devices with a capacity of more than 5 cubic meters.

The well for the surface pump, which is created on the site, must have a depth of less than 20 meters. If the depth is greater, you need to take a closer look at more powerful types of devices. Typically, for wells deeper than 25 meters, centrifugal pumps are purchased.

Varieties

Depending on the installation location and operating conditions, pumps of the type in question come in 3 main varieties:

1. Submersible.
2. Semi-submersible.
3. Superficial.

Let's look at the features of their design and functionality in more detail.

Operation diagram of a submersible pump for pumping out a septic tank Source strojdvor.ru

Submersible

Based on the name itself, submersible pumps are installed in a pit by being completely immersed in the sludge - to the bottom. Its housing is durable, sealed and chemically resistant. A characteristic feature of the device is a powerful pump and, as a result, high performance.

Due to the difficulty of maintenance, in order to avoid clogging the system with large particles, almost all models of submersible sewage pump are equipped with a grinder. Without it, the system will simply clog. However, even despite this auxiliary mechanism, the rules for a constantly operated device indicate the need to periodically, once every 3-4 months, remove it and clean it from clogging with mechanical particles.

To ensure uninterrupted operation, the submersible fecal pump must be cleaned every 3-4 months Source aqua-rmnt.com

Neglecting this procedure very quickly leads to wear of the rotating blades and, as a result, increased load on the motor, increased energy consumption and a decrease in the service life of all equipment as a whole. Therefore, some responsible manufacturers specially equip their products with a special lift on a steel cable - for better removal from the pit and timely carrying out preventive or repair work.

Modern pumps of this type operate automatically. The controller is a float mechanism with a liquid level sensor. As soon as the volume of the underground tank reaches the upper level, the pump turns on and begins pumping. When the lower level is reached, the drive turns off and pumping stops.

Advantages of submersible models:

• Productivity up to 400 m³ per hour.
• Stationary installation.
• Compactness.
• Full protection.
• Drive power up to 40 kW.
• No noise during pumping.
• Work year-round.
• Automatic control of the cesspool fullness level.
• Ability to process solid inclusions in wastewater.

Special cutting blades are installed in front of the intake holes in the submersible pump to crush waste. Source allegroimg.com
Disadvantages are associated with the need to periodically lift the equipment for preventative cleaning. In addition, it is important to control the temperature of the waste mass, since if it is above 400C, the pump will begin to overheat and deteriorate.

See also: Catalog of companies that specialize in water supply, sewerage and related work

Semi-submersible

Models of semi-submersible type mud pumping equipment are distinguished by large vertical linear dimensions - due to the specifics of the device and operating principle. Functionally, the design of such a pump is divided into two parts - the upper one with the motor, which is not submersible, and the lower one - the pump chamber, which during operation is always located in the waste mass, for direct intake and pumping of sewage.

In terms of power, devices of this type are inferior to the analogues given above. However, they benefit from better access to the main working part - the engine. Therefore, their installation is advantageous when it is necessary to pump frequently or almost continuously - for example, in combined septic tanks, where wastewater from several objects flows at once.

Design of a semi-submersible fecal pump Source montagtrub.ru

The unit is usually installed afloat. For this purpose, a special float platform is used. However, most of the models produced today do not provide for the installation of a cutting and grinding mechanism. These factors significantly limit its use. In everyday life, such pumps are installed primarily in specially designed septic tanks.

Advantages of semi-submersible units:

1. Accessibility of the engine for maintenance and repair – without the need to lift the unit outwards.
2. Stationary installation.
3. Possibility of modernization - by installing a more powerful drive.
4. 10 times lower cost compared to submersible analogues.
5. Possibility of pumping hot waste liquids - since the engine is air cooled.

The main disadvantages are related to the specifics of their design - complexity of installation, lack of a chopper, insufficient motor protection and noisy operation.

The use of a fecal pump reduces the cost of servicing a cesspool and eliminates the need to call a sewer truck Source strojdvor.ru

Superficial

An external pump for pumping out sewerage in a private house operates on the principle of a self-priming pumping station - similar to a vacuum truck. The device is simply installed next to the cesspool, and wastewater is collected through a hose. In the domestic version, the unit is equipped with a plastic housing, has small dimensions and weight and poor performance. Therefore, its main purpose is seasonal cleaning of the cesspool in dachas.

The surface model is not intended for stationary installation and is intended for mobile use. However, if necessary, it can be fixed in a specific place. In this case, the equipment must be protected from precipitation and cold. Otherwise, the electrical equipment will be damaged by dampness, and the pump will break down at sub-zero temperatures when the pumped mass begins to freeze.

Advantages of ground models:

• Mobility in operation.
• Minimum cost.
• Versatility in use.

The main quality of a surface pump is mobility Source kaercher-media.com
Disadvantages:

1. The limitation on the throughput of solid inclusions is no more than 5 mm.
2. Noisy work.
3. Limited productivity, as well as the length of the included hose - no more than 7 meters.

Note! The presence of a special complete or separately purchased shredder in the pump eliminates the need to constantly monitor the penetration of large particles into the sewer system. The mechanism crushes all solid, fibrous and abrasive fragments that get into the drains to a homogeneous mass, and prevents the pumping system from clogging.

Operating principle

Submersible

The body of the device is made of reliable, durable material that is resistant to the negative effects of aggressive wastewater.

This pump can be used both permanently and periodically, connecting as needed.

In the first case, a platform for mounting the device is made at the bottom of the container with wastewater. Pipes for pumping out fecal matter are connected to the outlet pipes.

Good to know! The disadvantage of this solution is that to service the pump attached to the bottom of the septic tank, you will have to completely pump out the pit. Moreover, taking out the installation will not be entirely pleasant.

For possible maintenance, the fecal tank can be hung on a steel cable. It will be easy to remove and repair. The submersible unit can operate without human intervention. For this purpose, the equipment is equipped with automation and a float switch.

Criterias of choice

In order to choose the right fecal pump for a cesspool, you must take into account the following series of criteria:

• Rated operating voltage and motor power.

Installations used in everyday life are usually equipped with a single-phase drive. Power is supplied from a network with standard characteristics - 220 V and 50 Hz. In this case, the power is selected based on operating conditions. The engine power will depend on the following parameters:

1. Performance.
2. Pressure power.
3. Possibility of pumping more viscous and contaminated liquids.
4. Pumping speed.

The speed of emptying the septic tank depends on how correctly the pump power is selected. Source agrotex.com.ua
For seasonal cleaning of a drainage pit, for example, in a country house, a device with a power of about 0.5-0.7 kW is suitable. For operation in an autonomous sewer system of a private house with year-round residence, it is better to use more powerful units - 1-1.6 kW.

• Performance.

The characteristic determines how long it will take to pump a given volume. As a rule, manufacturers indicate the value of this parameter in “liter/minute”. For example, ordinary country pumps have a rate of about 140-160 l/min, and more powerful ones, 1.5-2 kW, are capable of pumping out about 0.5-0.7 m³ in one minute.

• Pressure force.

In the data sheet, the parameter is indicated in meters and characterizes the maximum height of rise of the waste masses. Most household models allow you to pump 10-15 meters vertically. However, when choosing a unit for specific application conditions, the horizontal section of the pipe must also be taken into account - due to the high viscosity of the medium and the creation of sufficient hydraulic resistance.

The pressure force of the pump must be sufficient to lift and transport the waste masses to the required distance Source vyvoz.org m

When calculating in the standard case, every 1 meter of lift is equivalent to 4 meters of horizontal path. For example, if a submersible sewage pump is installed at the bottom of a septic tank, and the lifting height is 5 meters, and the wastewater will travel another 40 meters along a horizontal section to the disposal site, then the minimum pressure force should be = 5 + 40/4 = 5 + 10 = 15 meters.

• Type of body material.

Pumps can be made from the following types of material:

1. Cast iron. Cheap and quite resistant to aggressive environments, but at the same time quite bulky and fragile. Lifting and lowering requires the use of a reliable cable or chain.
2. Stainless steel. It is distinguished by strength, durability and good protection. However, they have the maximum cost.
3. Plastic. Inexpensive, resistant to aggressive factors. If the quality is good, it can have greater mechanical strength.

The choice of housing material depends on the operating conditions and purpose of the device. So, cast iron and steel are primarily for submersible models, plastic is for surface models.

Submersible pump with cast iron body Source ebara.online

• Control Features.

Models can be controlled either manually or automatically. The former are cheaper, but the latter allow the process of pumping out a cesspool without human intervention. Thanks to the float sensor, the sewage tank will never overflow. In this case, the device will turn off itself when the level reaches the minimum permissible value - so that the pump does not run idle.

• Company manufacturer.

Which line of pump to buy to pump out a cesspool depends primarily on the consumer himself - his preferences, level of knowledge, financial capabilities. Often, most users buy models from well-known manufacturers. This makes it possible to provide service and fulfill warranty obligations (repair, replacement, etc.).

Preparatory work

To install a fecal well, you will need a receiving well measuring 50x50x50 cm. The most optimal capacity of the well should be no less than the average daily drainage volume, taking into account the number of people living in the house, but no more than 5 meters deep.

If the installation of a sewage pump in a country house or private house is planned in the ground, then the walls and floor should be concreted and reliable waterproofing should be ensured. To avoid unpleasant odors, the top lid must also be made hermetically sealed.

As a receiving well, it is very convenient to use a plastic container installed deep in the ground and providing a natural flow of wastewater. Installation of a fecal pump in a well should proceed as follows: in the upper part of the well there should be an inlet pipeline, which will ensure filling of at least 40 cm. The outlet pipeline should be diverted to the top of the well or the wall, it all depends on the location of the sewer line or septic tank . The diameter of the outlet pipeline must be no less than the outlet opening of the pump unit.

If the distance to the central sewer or septic tank is too large and is at the limit of the capabilities of the equipment used, then the pipeline should be laid as straight as possible, avoiding turns and bends or making them rounded and smooth.

Features of operation

Pumping out a cesspool using a specialized pump to a disposal site or to a mobile tank is carried out according to the following algorithm:

1. The pump is installed according to the instructions and depending on the type.
2. A hose, pipe, or sleeve is connected to the outlet.
3. As the tank fills, the unit turns on and begins pumping wastewater.
4. When the pit fill level reaches the minimum value, the pump turns off.
5. If necessary, cleaning and other maintenance procedures are performed on the unit, pipes and septic tank.

Electrical connection

The pump unit is connected through an electrical panel, which must be equipped with all the necessary protective devices. For example, an automatic switch that controls the occurrence of leakage current and short circuit current, as well as grounding, a control panel and protection for forcibly turning off and turning on the pump if necessary.

To ensure the normal functioning of the sewer system during an emergency power outage, it is recommended to purchase a diesel or gasoline electric generator of appropriate power.

Review of popular manufacturers

Today there are many companies manufacturing pumping equipment. Of these, the following several lines are the most popular in the segment of products of this type:

• Gilex . A domestic manufacturer that uses long-proven technologies and new developments from the world's best companies. The equipment is capable of pumping out wastewater containing silt and sand inclusions, as well as large particles up to 35 mm in size. The advantage of the product is its low price.
• Grundfos . The Danish company produces reliable, powerful equipment for pumping cesspools, including those with stagnant deposits. Durability in operation is ensured by the ability to adjust power and thermal relay. The downside is the fairly high cost.

Reminder on the correct use of sewerage

Despite the fact that every adult knows the purpose of the sewer system, often the result of its malfunction is the human factor. The confidence that everything will “slip” into the sewer gives the short-sighted resident a reason to dump anything into the system.

The main prevention against blockages for this reason is a reminder that under no circumstances should you throw into the sewer:

• large food debris and fats;
• construction garbage;
• paper, if it is not dissolvable toilet paper;
• thick paper towels;
• diapers, wet wipes and cotton swabs;
• pads and condoms;
• pet litter;
• adhesive plasters and dental floss.

It is necessary to firmly understand that a sewer is not a garbage chute.

Therefore, the temptation to quickly throw something that is no longer needed into the toilet, rather than into the trash can, and forget about it, must be countered by an understanding of the consequences that such actions will lead to, and which will soon remind of themselves.

Irresponsibility and negligence in the use of sewerage threatens problems not only for the culprits who committed negligence, but also for neighbors in the house

Video description

This video shows how a fecal pump with a grinder works:

• Calpeda . One of the leading manufacturers of Italian pumping equipment. The models are characterized by durability and high performance. However, their significant disadvantage is their very high price.
• Pedrollo . Another Italian brand that has proven itself in the global pumping equipment market. The products are distinguished by international quality standards. The main feature of this line of fecal pumps is the presence of grinders in the impeller, regardless of the type of device, which allows the consumer not to worry about clogging the sewer pumping system in a private home.

In addition, products from such lines as Wilo, Unipump, Herz, Whirlwind, Metabo, ESPA, Sturm, Quattro Elementi, Sprut are also equally popular.

On a note! When choosing a pump for pumping out septic tanks, the maximum permissible size of solid particles in the pumped mass is of great importance. The unit is considered good if this parameter reaches 30 mm or more.

Stationary installation

Pumping equipment of this type is operated in a stationary mode if it is necessary to pump sewage into a septic tank located in accordance with sanitary standards, at a distance of at least 15 meters from a residential building, and at least 50 meters from a water well.

Another option for using a pump is the need for forced pumping of wastewater into the main sewer when the system is located above the level of the house and the outflow of wastewater is not possible naturally. In both cases, to ensure the operation of the sewage system, it is necessary to install a fecal pump in the well.

Briefly about the main thing

The fecal pump is intended for pumping sewage waste containing inclusions of solid particles up to 5 cm in diameter from an underground storage tank. Therefore, it has a special device and is equipped with a powerful pump. In this case, the unit can have practical applications in everyday life - drainage of water during floods, floods, downpours, etc. There are the following types of it:

• Submersible.
• Semi-submersible.
• Superficial.

Each of them has its own structural features, purpose, specific installation and operation. When choosing a unit for specific conditions, the operating current rating, motor power, productivity, pressure force, type of housing material, control features and the manufacturing company are taken into account. Installation and operation of the device must be carried out strictly according to the instructions. Among manufacturers of sewage pumps, the most popular lines are such as Gilex, Grundfos, Calpeda, Pedrollo, Whirlwind and some others.

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Superficial

In this case, the name speaks for itself - the pumping equipment is located on the surface, and its connection to the working environment is carried out only through a pipeline system. This is the most suitable option for indoor use, since in outdoor conditions short circuits, corrosion processes and other undesirable phenomena often occur - even failure of the unit. At the same time, such equipment is characterized by a number of undeniable advantages: versatility, mobility and light weight.

This type of unit is characterized by low power. It is able to effectively deal with pollution no larger than 5 cm. For apartment conditions, this is enough. Also, do not forget about low electrical energy consumption and subsequent significant savings.

Installation of a fecal pump can be very diverse. Consumers install simpler models themselves in accordance with the recommendations specified in the instructions, but it is advisable to entrust the installation of non-standard and complex devices to specialists.

Approximate prices

Submersible pumps:

Semi-submersible pumps:

Surface pumps: